Several Freon replacement options have been available since the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) began phasing out R-22 in 2010. Remaining production and import were banned as of January 1, 2020. The phase-out is expected to be completed by 2030. Newer HVAC systems use replacements that usually aren’t compatible with older models. We’ll explain some of these options and whether you need a new air conditioning system or can keep your old one a little longer.
R-410A (Puron)
Identified as non-ozone depleting by the EPA, R-410A does not use chlorine and improves energy efficiency. The hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant is a mixture of difluoromethane (a highly thermally stable, colorless gas) and pentafluoroethane. Here are some of the benefits of R-410A:
- Higher cooling capacity
- Improved heat transfer efficiency
- Increased operating pressures
- Compatible with polyolester (POE) oil lubricants
- Suited for residential and light commercial applications
The downside is a system must be specifically designed for R-410A. Fortunately, many new air conditioning systems and heat pumps are engineered to work with it.
While less harmful than R-22, R-410A does have some impact on the environment. It is considered a greenhouse gas. Therefore, the EPA is expected to phase it out in favor of eco-friendly alternatives.
R-407C
Featuring thermodynamic properties similar to R-22, R-407C is a common Freon replacement. Many new AC models are engineered to work with it. However, this refrigerant has been used in commercial cooling and refrigeration equipment since the early 1990s. It is a blend of refrigerants R-32 (boosts heat capacity), R-125 (reduces flammability), and R-134A (reduces pressure) and contains no chlorine.
The benefits of R-407C include:
- Similar cooling capacity and efficiency as R-22
- Can be topped off with minimal impact on HVAC performance
- An ASHRAE A1 safety classification
Since R-407C is so similar to R-22, it can be used to retrofit older systems. However, retrofitting can be expensive and requires following the guidelines set by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM).
R-134A (Norflurane)
Unlike many Freon replacements, R-134A is a single-component refrigerant. It is approved for retrofitting, so can be used in older R-22 systems, although this often requires replacing a system’s lubricant oil. Norflurane can be used in residential AC systems, mobile air conditioning units (including automotive ACs), and commercial stationary refrigerant systems.
The benefits of R-134A include:
- Low toxicity
- Non-ozone depleting
- Contains no chlorine
- Non-flammable
- Non-corrosive
Norflurane also has a high ASHRAE safety classification. It has a shelf-life of at least 10 years if stored properly (ideally in temperatures less than 126℉). However, it has a lower heat-transfer rate than other refrigerants, so an AC system can take longer to cool a space.
R-438A (Freon MO99)
Freon MO99 is a close match to R-22 and works with various systems, including split ACs, packaged units, and others. Unlike other refrigerant options, it does not require an oil change. It is compatible with various lubricants. Since this alternative lowers discharge temperatures, it can also extend compressor life.
During Freon replacement, a technician can remove the old refrigerant and charge the new one without significant system modifications. Expansion valves and line sets don’t have to be changed. Therefore, retrofitting is relatively simple.
R-422D (Freon MO29)
This multi-purpose refrigerant is also non-ozone depleting and has low toxicity. It’s compatible with new and traditional lubricants. Retrofitting with R-422D usually does not require new oil. It works with medium—and low-temperature direct expansion systems, including stationary air conditioners and water chillers.
Freon MO29 is an option if you want to extend the life of your existing HVAC equipment. Retrofitting is often more cost-effective than with other R-22 Freon replacements. Meanwhile, improved cooling capacity and efficiency are possible, depending on operating conditions.
Can I Still Obtain Freon?
If your HVAC system requires R-22 Freon, the only way to obtain it is to find recycled or stockpiled quantities. These are in increasingly limited supply. Therefore, obtaining Freon is becoming highly expensive should you need it due to a coolant leak.
Is It Wise to Retrofit an Old HVAC Unit?
Retrofitting an older system requires following the OEM’s guidelines. New refrigerants cannot be added to R-22, so don’t add a replacement if the system still has old Freon. And, to use a Freon replacement alternative, the lubricant in the system must be POE oil. Mineral oil in older systems does not work with most newer refrigerants (it must be completely removed before adding new oil). Also, retrofitting an AC system may still require replacing some components.
*If an R-22 system is still under warranty, the manufacturer will not cover any system in which a replacement refrigerant is used. Most systems haven’t been thoroughly tested with alternative coolants.
Call Air Stars to Learn More About Freon Replacement
Aging air conditioners with R-22 Freon are often better off replaced. Aside from the cost of phased-out refrigerant, increased repair and maintenance expenses must be considered. It may be more cost-effective to replace your existing AC system. Our certified technicians can assess it and provide advice on your best options. To schedule a consultation or HVAC maintenance, repair, or replacement in the Salem area, call (503) 483-8616.
